The Ku-Band Frequency Spectrum: Learning the Basics

The Ku-band (Kurtz-Under band) is a portion in the electromagnetic spectrum in the microwave range of frequencies that fall between 12 to 18 GHz. The Ku-Band Frequency is usually utilized for satellite communications, especially in editing and broadcasting on satellite television. According to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), this band frequency is split into multiple segments that may be different depending on the geographical location.

In RF filter components, let’s say in a Ku-band low pass filter, these frequency signals help generate a much better direct broadcast satellite services. The low pass filter acts as the component that blocks every high frequency signals from producing any interference in the broadcast and allowing the low frequency signals to be circulated throughout the circuit.

Ku-Band Frequency: The Segments and Regions

As mentioned above, the Ku-Band Frequency is split into various multiple segments depending on the geographical location. Some examples of these segments and regions are  ITU Region 1 and ITU Region 2.

The ITU Region 2 Segments covers the vast majority of both North and South America and ranges between 11.7 to 12.2 GHz. Also, the ITU Region 2 has over 21 FSS (Fixed Satellite Services) North American Ku-Band that is currently orbiting above the said region.

On the other hand, the ITU Region 1 Segments of the Ku Spectrum refers to both the African and the European continent. Both continents ranges from 11.45 to 11.7  GHz for band range and another band range of 12.5 to 12.75 GHz are reserved for the FSS. Plus, their uplink frequency range is from 12.0 to 14.5 GHz.

Challenges Encountered with the Ku-Band Frequency

When frequencies greater than 10 GHz are sent and received in an area where there is heavy rain, a noticeable degradation happens. This is due to the issues caused by the proportional amount of heavy rain (a phenomenon more commonly known as “rain fade”).

However, this issue can be resolved by deploying the right link budget strategy when designing the satellite system and allocating a higher use of power to overcome rain fade loss. With regards to the end-viewer TV reception, it takes heavy rainfalls in excess of 10mm per hour to have an evident effect.

The Ku-Band being in the higher frequency spectrum is particularly prone to signal degradation, more so than in the C-band frequency spectrum. Although, the Ku-band’s vulnerability to rain fade is lowered than with the Ka-Band frequency spectrum. In addition, another event similar to that of the rain fade known as the “snow fade” (when the snow gathered significantly changes the focal point of the dish) can also happen during the winter season. Also, the Ku-Band satellites usually need more power to make transmissions than the C-band frequency.

Overall, the Ku-Band frequency when used in different devices and components, such as satellites and with Ku-Band low pass filter, they relatively improve every frequency transmitted to any broadcast clearer and with less static. However, this can be impeded with varying weather conditions, such as with the heavy rain falls and snow storms.